References

 
 

Evidence-Informed Practice…

As an Evidence-Informed Practice, we strive to utilize the available evidence gained through education, research, expert opinion, clinical expertise, patient experiences, and practice to provide the best clinical outcomes possible for our patients. Though not exhaustive, listed below are some of references.

 
 

General Chiropractic Sources

  • Alderson, R. Scott, DC, and George J. Muhs, DC, DABCN, CCN. “The Effects of Mild Compression on Spinal Nerve Roots with Implications for Models of Vertebral Subluxation and Clinical Effects of Chiropractic Adjustment.” J. Vertebral Subluxation Res. 4.2 (2001): n.pag. Print.

  • Budgell, Brian S. “Reflex Effects of Subluxation: The Autonomic Nervous System.”Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 23.2 (2000): 104-06. Print.

  • Carrick, Frederick R., DC, PhD. “Changes in Brain Function after Manipulation of the Cervical Spine.” J Manipulative Physiol Ther 20.8 (1997): 529-45. Print.

  • Dishman, J. Donald, Douglas S. Greco, and Jeanmarie R. Burke. “Motor-Evoked Potentials Recorded from Lumbar Erector Spinae Muscles: A Study of Corticospinal Excitability Changes Associated with Spinal Manipulation.” Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 31.4 (2008): 258-70. Print.

  • Eingorn, Alex M., and George J. Muhs. “Rationale for Assessing the Effects of Manipulative Therapy on Autonomic Tone by Analysis of Heart Rate Variability.” Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 22.3 (1999): 161-65. Print.

  • Haavik-Taylor, Heidi, and Bernadette Murphy. “Cervical Spine Manipulation Alters Sensorimotor Integration: A Somatosensory Evoked Potential Study.” Clinical Neurophysiology 118.2 (2007): 391-402. Print.

  • Taylor, Heidi Haavik, and Bernadette Murphy. “Altered Sensorimotor Integration With Cervical Spine Manipulation.” Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 31.2 (2008): 115-26. Print.

  • Taylor, Heidi Haavik, and Bernadette Murphy. “The Effects of Spinal Manipulation on Central Integration of Dual Somatosensory Input Observed After Motor Training: A Crossover Study.” Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics33.4 (2010): 261-72. Print.

  • Kent, Christopher, DC. “Models of Vertebral Subluxation: A Review.” J Vertebral Sub Res 1.1 (1996): 11-17. Print.

  • Rome, Peter L., DC, MACC. “Neurovertebral Influence on Visceral and ANS Function: Some of the Evidence To Date – Part II: Somatovisceral.” Chiropr J Aust 40 (2010): 9-33. Print.

  • Sato, Akio, MD, PhD. “The Reflex Effects of Spinal Somatic Nerve Stimulation on Visceral Function.” J Manipulative Physiol Ther 15.1 (1992): 57-61. Print.

  • Scheer, Justin K., Jessica A. Tang, Justin S. Smith, Frank L. Acosta, Themistocles S. Protopsaltis, Benjamin Blondel, Shay Bess, Christopher I. Shaffrey, Vedat Deviren, Virginie Lafage, Frank Schwab, and Christopher P. Ames. “Cervical Spine Alignment, Sagittal Deformity, and Clinical Implications.” Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 19.2 (2013): 141-59. Print.

  • Schey, William L. “Vertebral Malformations and Associated Somatovisceral Abnormalities.” Clin. Radiol. 27 (1976): 341-53. Print.

  • Seaman, David R., DC, and James F. Winterstein, DC. “Dysafferentation: A Novel Term to Describe the Neuropathophysiological Effects of Joint Complex Dysfunction. A Look at Likely Mechanisms of Symptom Generation.” J Manipulative Physiol Ther 21 (1998): 267-80. Print.

  • Slosberg, Malik, DC. “Effects of Altered Afferent Articular Input on Sensation, Proprioception, Muscle Tone and Sympathetic Reflex Responses.” J Manipulative Physiol Ther 11 (1988): 400-08. Print.

  • Welch, Arlene, and Ralph Boone. “Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Responses to Specific Diversified Adjustments to Chiropractic Vertebral Subluxations of the Cervical and Thoracic Spine.” Journal of Chiropractic Medicine 7.3 (2008): 86-93. Print.

Neck & Back Pain

  • Heymann, Wolfgang J. Von, Patrick Schloemer, Juergen Timm, and Bernd Muehlbauer. “Spinal High-Velocity Low Amplitude Manipulation in Acute Nonspecific Low Back Pain.” Spine 38.7 (2013): 540-48. Print.

  • Hurwitz, Eric L., Hal Morgenstern, Gerald F. Kominski, Fei Yu, and Lu-May Chiang. “A Randomized Trial of Chiropractic and Medical Care for Patients With Low Back Pain.” Spine 31.6 (2006): 611-21. Print.

Behavior

  • Welcha, Arlene, and Ralph Booneb. “Sympathetic and parasympathetic responses to specific diversified adjustments to chiropractic vertebral subluxations of the cervical and thoracic spine.” J Chiropr Med. 2008 Sep; 7(3): 86–93. Published online 2008 Sep 2. doi: 10.1016/j.jcm.2008.04.001

Neurology

  • Scaaf, Roseann C., et al. “Parasympathetic functions in children with sensory processing disorder.” Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience. March 09, 2010

  • Breit, Sigrid, Aleksandra Kupferberg, Gerhard Rogler, and Gregor Hasler. “Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain-Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders.” Front. Psychiatry, 13 March 2018 |

  • Matteol, Gianluca, and Guy E Boeckxstaens. “The Vagal Innervation of the Gut and Immune Homeostasis.” Gut. 2013, Aug;62(8):1214-22. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302550. Epub 2012 Sep 29.

  • Kushki, Kushki, et al. “Investigating the Autonomic Nervous System Response to Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.” Published: April 5, 2013 DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0059730

  • Kiani, Aysha Karim, et al. “Neurobiological basis of chiropractic manipulative treatment of the spine in the care of major depression.” Published online 2020 Nov 9. doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-S.10536

  • Welcha, Arlene, and Ralph Booneb. “Sympathetic and parasympathetic responses to specific diversified adjustments to chiropractic vertebral subluxations of the cervical and thoracic spine.” J Chiropr Med. 2008 Sep; 7(3): 86–93. Published online 2008 Sep 2. doi: 10.1016/j.jcm.2008.04.001

  • B S Budgell. “Reflex effects of subluxation: the autonomic nervous system.” J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2000 Feb;23(2):104-6. doi: 10.1016/s0161-4754(00)90076-9.

Headaches and Whiplash Associated Disorders

  • Bogduk, Nikolai, and Narayan Yoganandan. “Biomechanics of the Cervical Spine Part 3: Minor Injuries.” Clinical Biomechanics 16.4 (2001): 267-75. Print.

  • Curatolo, Michele, Steen Petersen-Felix, Lars Arendt-Nielsen, Carmela Giani, Alex M. Zbinden, and Bogdan P. Radanov. “Central Hypersensitivity in Chronic Pain After Whiplash Injury.” The Clinical Journal of Pain 17.4 (2001): 306-15. Print.

  • Hawk, Cheryl, Raheleh Khorsan, Anthony J. Lisi, Randy J. Ferrance, and Marion Willard Evans. “Chiropractic Care for Nonmusculoskeletal Conditions: A Systematic Review with Implications for Whole Systems Research.” The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 13.5 (2007): 491-512. Print.

  • Schoenen, J. “Exteroceptive Suppression of Temporalis Muscle Activity in Patients with Chronic Headache and in Normal Volunteers: Methodology, Clinical and Pathophysiological Relevance.” Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain33.1 (1993): 3-17. Print.

  • Bryans, Roland, Martin Descarreaux, Mireille Duranleau, Henri Marcoux, Brock Potter, Rick Ruegg, Lynn Shaw, Robert Watkin, and Eleanor White. “Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Chiropractic Treatment of Adults With Headache.” Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 34.5 (2011): 274-89. Print.

  • Alcantara, Joel, and Martine Cossette. “Intractable Migraine Headaches during Pregnancy under Chiropractic Care.” Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 15.4 (2009): 192-97. Print.

  • Biondi, David M. “Noninvasive Treatments for Headache.” Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 5.3 (2005): 355-62. Print.

Birth Trauma

  • Kolevzon, Alexander; Raz Gross, MD; Abraham Reichenberg, MD, MPH. “Prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal factors in autism, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, and the general population.” Pediatrics. 2001 Apr;107(4):E63.

  • Glasson, Emma J, Carol Bower, Beverly Petterson, Nick de Klerk, Gervase Chaney, Joachim F Hallmayer. “Perinatal factors and the development of autism: a population study.” Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004 Jun;61(6):618-27.

  • Gardener, Hannah, Donna Spiegelman, Stephen L Buka. “Perinatal and Neonatal Risk Factors for Autism: A Comprehensive MetaAnalysis.” Pediatrics 2011;128;344; originally published online July 11, 2011;

  • Black, Mairead, Siladitya Bhattacharya, Sam Philip, Jane E Norman, David J McLernon. “Planned Cesarean Delivery at Term and Adverse Outcomes in Childhood Health. JAMA. 2015 Dec 1;314(21):2271-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.16176.

  • Blustein, Jan and Jianmeng Liu. “Time to consider the risks of caesarean delivery for long term child health.” BMJ 2015;350:h2410

  • Curran, Eileen A, Christina Dalman, Patricia M Kearney, Louise C Kenny, John F Cryan, Timothy G Dinan, Ali S Khashan. “Association Between Obstetric Mode of Delivery and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Population-Based Sibling Design Study.” JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Sep;72(9):935-42. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0846.

  • Wang, Samuel S.-H. Wang, Alexander D. Kloth, Aleksandra Badura. “The Cerebellum, Sensitive Periods, and Autism.” Neuron 83, August 6, 2014 ª2014 Elsevier Inc.

  • May-Benson, Teresa A., Jane A. Koomar, and Alison Teasdale. “Incidence of pre-, peri-, and post-natal birth and developmental problems of children with sensory processing disorder and child with autism spectrum disorder” Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience. Nov 2009, Volume 3, Article 31.

  • Hipperson A. “Chiropractic management of infantile colic.” Clinical Chiropractic. 2004;7(4):180–186

Newborns

  • Waddington, Erica L., Karen T Snider, Michael D Lockwood, Vanessa K Pazdernik. “Incidence of Somatic Dysfunction in Healthy Newborns.” The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association November 2015 | Vol 115 | No. 11

  • Hipperson A. “Chiropractic management of infantile colic.” Clinical Chiropractic. 2004;7(4):180–186

Torticollis

  • Biedermann, Heiner, MD. “Manual Medicine of Functional Disorders in Children.”Medical Veritas 3 (2006): 803-14. Print.

  • Fallon J, Fysh P. “Chiropractic Care of the Newborn with Congenital Torticollis.” JCCP. 1997;2(1):116-121.

Immune System

  • Kenney MJ, Ganta CK. “Autonomic nervous system and immune system interactions.” Compr Physiol. 2014;4(3):1177–1200. doi:10.1002/cphy.c130051.

  • Kent C (2018) “Chiropractic and Mental Health: History and Review of Putative Neurobiological Mechanisms.” Jou Neuro Psy An Brain Res: JNPB-103.

  • Haas A, Russell D. “Chiropractic contributes its unique salutogenic health care approach to the emergent COVID19 crisis.” International Federation of Chiropractors and Organizations. April 2020.

  • Alcantara J, Whettend A, Ohm J, Alcantara J. “The relationship between quality of life and sense of coherence in patients presenting for care in a chiropractic practice-based research network.” Therapies in Medicine 48 (2020).

  • Kawchuk G, Goertz C, Axén I, Descarreaux M, French S, Haas M, Hartvigsen J, Kolberg C, Maiers M. “The Effect of Spinal Adjustment/Manipulation on Immunity and the Immune System: A Rapid Review of Relevant Literature.” World Federation of Chiropractic. March 19, 2020.”

  • McCoy M, Kent C, Senzon S, Ebrall P. Critical Evaluation of the World Federation of Chiropractic's "Rapid Review" of the Effect of Spinal Adjustment/Manipulation on Immunity and the Immune System. Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation. March 2020.

  • Rome P. “Neurovertebral Influence on Visceral and ANS Function: Some of the Evidence To Date” - Part II: Somatovisceral. Chiropr J Aust 2010; 40: 9-33.

  • Boone R, Dobson G. “A Proposed Vertebral Subluxation Model Reflecting Traditional Concepts and Recent Advances in Health and Science.” Annals of Vertebral Subluxation Research, Volume 1. Number 1. Pages 1-12.

  • Boone R. “Setting the Research Agenda.” Annals of Vertebral Subluxation Research, Volume 2. Number 2. Pages 1-2.

  • McCoy M, Kent K. “Vertebral Subluxation Research: An Agenda to Explore the Epidemiology of Vertebral Subluxation and the Clinical Outcomes Related to Management.” Annals of Vertebral Subluxation Research, Volume 2013. August 5, 2013. Pages 29-32.

Colic

  • Wiberg, Jesper M.m., Jan Nordsteen, and Niels Nilsson. “The Short-term Effect of Spinal Manipulation in the Treatment of Infantile Colic: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial with a Blinded Observer.” Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 22.8 (1999): 517-22. Print.

  • Carnes D, Plunkett A, Ellwood J, et al. “Manual therapy for unsettled, distressed and excessively crying infants: a systematic review and meta-analysesBMJ Open 2018;8:e019040. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019040

  • Browning M, Miller J. “Comparison of the short term effect of chiropractic spinal manipulation and occipito-sacral decompression in the treatment of infant colic: A single blinded, randomized, comparison trial.” Clinic Chiropr. 2008;11(3):122–129

  • Hipperson A. “Chiropractic management of infantile colic.” Clinical Chiropractic. 2004;7(4):180–186

  • McCoy TM, Pfiffner T. “Pediatric Traumatic Torticollis: A Case Report.” JCCP.1997;2(2):145-149.

Otitis Media (Ear Infections)

  • Fallon, Joan M., DC, FICCP. “Role of the Chiropractic Adjustment in the Care of 332 Children with Otitis Media.” J Clinical Chiro Ped 2.2 (1997): 174-83. Print.

  • Stone-McCoy, Pamela, DC, CACCP, and Chantelle Korn, DC. “Resolution of Otitis Media & Avoidance of Tympanostomy Tubes in a 16-Month Old with Birth Trauma Following Subluxation Based Care: A Case Study and Selective Review of Literature.” J. Pediatric, Maternal & Family Health May.28 (2013): 39-46. Print.

  • Froehle, R M. “Ear infection: a retrospective study examining improvement from chiropractic care and analyzing for influencing factors.” J Manipulative Physiol Ther. Mar-Apr 1996;19(3):169-77.

Constipation, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Incontinence

  • Eulitt, H. Kala, DC, and Vivian Giannakakis, DC. “Resolution of Chronic Constipation, Fecal Incontinence, and Abdominal Pain in an 8 Year Old Child Following Chiropractic Care: A Case Study & Selective Review of the Literature.” A. Vertebral Subluxation Res Jan.20 (2014): n. pag. Print.

  • Manabe, Noriaki, Toshiaki Tanaka, Jiro Hata, Hiroaki Kusunoki, and Ken Haruma. “Pathophysiology Underlying Irritable Bowel Syndrome -From the Viewpoint of Dysfunction of Autonomic Nervous System Activity-.” Journal of Smooth Muscle Research 45.1 (2009): 15-23. Print.

Asthma

  • Graham, Robert L., DC, and Richard A. Pistolese, BS. “An Impairment Rating Analysis Of Asthmatic Children Under Chiropractic Care.” J Vertebral Sub Res 1.4 (1997): 1-8. Print.

  • Glaberzon, Brian J., DC, MHSc, Jenna Arts, BA (Hons), and Emily McManus, BScK (Hons), MHA. “The Use of Spinal Manipulative Therapy for Pediatric Health Conditions: A Systematic Review of the Literature.” J Can Chiropr Assoc. 56.2 (2012): 128-41. Print.

  • Balon J, Aker PD, Crowther ER, et al: “A comparison of active and simulated chiropractic manipulation as adjunctive treatment for childhood asthma.” New England Journal of Medicine 1998;339(15):1013.

  • Kessinger R: “Changes in pulmonary function associated with upper cervical specific chiropractic care.” Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, 1997;1(3):43.

  • Bronfort, Gert, Roni L. Evans, Paul Kubic, and Patty Filkinb. “Chronic Pediatric Asthma and Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation: A Prospective Clinical Series and Randomized Clinical Pilot Study.” Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 24.6 (2001): 369-77. Print.

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)

  • Alcantara, Joel, and James Davis. “The Chiropractic Care of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Retrospective Case Series.” EXPLORE: The Journal of Science and Healing 6.3 (2010): 173-82. Print.

  • Reed, W. R., DC, S. Beavers, DC, S. K. Reddy, DC, and G. Kern, DC. “Chiropractic Management of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis.” J Manipulative Physiol Ther 17.9 (194): 596-600. Print.

  • Muir, Jeffrey M. ”Chiropractic management of a patient with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.” J Chiropr Med. 2012 Sep; 11(3): 221–224. doi: 10.1016/j.jcm.2011.10.009

Nocturnal Enuresis (Bed Wetting)

  • Reed, W. R., DC, S. Beavers, DC, S. K. Reddy, DC, and G. Kern, DC. “Chiropractic Management of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis.” J Manipulative Physiol Ther 17.9 (194): 596-600. Print.

  • Poecke, Ailsa J. Van, and Christina Cunliffe. “Chiropractic Treatment for Primary Nocturnal Enuresis: A Case Series of 33 Consecutive Patients.” Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 32.8 (2009): 675-81. Print.

Infertility

  • Alcantara, Joel, DC, Gregg Stern, DC, and Rosemary E. Oman, DC, MSc, FASBE. “Female Infertility, Subluxation & Chiropractic Care: A Case Series and Selective Review of the Literature.” J. Pediatric, Maternal & Family Health(2009): n. pag. Print.

Viscera

  • Winsor H: “Sympathetic segmental disturbances — II.” The Medical Times 1921;49:267.

  • Ussher NT: “Spinal curvatures — visceral disturbances in relation thereto.” Calif West Med 1933;38:423.

  • Bruckman W: “Spondylotic change of the cervical spine and coronary infarction.” Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 1956;44:1740.

  • Snyder GE, Chance JA, Clarey JK: “Postmortem studies of viscerosomatic relationships.” JAOA 1966(5)65:995.

  • Burchett GD: “Segmental spinal osteophytosis in visceral disease. JAOA 1968;67(6):675.

  • Giles L: “Paraspinal autonomic ganglion distortion due to vertebral body osteophytosis: a cause of vertebrogenic autonomic syndromes?” J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1992;15(9):551.

Hypertension

  • Bakris, G., M. Dickholtz, P. M. Meyer, G. Kravitz, E. Avery, M. Miller, J. Brown, C. Woodfield, and B. Bell. “Atlas Vertebra Realignment and Achievement of Arterial Pressure Goal in Hypertensive Patients: A Pilot Study.” Journal of Human Hypertension (2007): n. pag. Print.

Breastfeeding and Latching Difficulties

  • Slak, Linda, DC, CACCP, CABCDD, and Katherine A. Wilson, DC. “Resolution of Breastfeeding Difficulty Following Subluxation Based Chiropractic Care.” J. Pediatric, Maternal & Family Health Jan.17 (2013): 7-10. Print.

  • Holleman, Annique C., John Nee, and Simone F.C. Knaap. “Chiropractic management of breast-feeding difficulties: a case report.” J Chiropr Med. 2011 Sep; 10(3): 199–203. doi: 10.1016/j.jcm.2011.01.010

  • Sheader, WE. “Chiropractic Management of An Infant Experiencing Breastfeeding Difficulties and Colic: A Case Study.” JCCP. 1999;4(1):245-47.

  • Hewitt EG. “Chiropractic Care for Infants with Dysfunctional Nursing: A Case Series.” JCCP. 1999;4(1):241-244.

Safety

  • Alcantara, Joel, Jeanne Ohm, and Derek Kunz. “The Safety and Effectiveness of Pediatric Chiropractic: A Survey of Chiropractors and Parents in a Practice-Based Research Network.” EXPLORE: The Journal of Science and Healing 5.5 (2009): 290-95. Print.

  • Thiel, Hw, Je Bolton, S. Docherty, and Jc Portlock. “Safety of Chiropractic Manipulation of the Cervical Spine: A Prospective National Survey.” Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies 11 (2006): 47. Print.

  • Oliphant, Drew. “Safety of Spinal Manipulation in the Treatment of Lumbar Disk Herniations: A Systematic Review and Risk Assessment.” Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 27.3 (2004): 197-210. Print.

  • Klougart, N., DC, C. Leboeuf-Yde, DC, and L. R. Rasmussen, DC. “Safety in Chiropractic Practice, Part I; The Occurrence of Cerebrovascular Accidents after Manipulation to the Neck in Denmark from 1978-1988.” J Manipulative Physiol Ther 19.6 (1996): 371-77. Print.

  • Klougart, N., DC, C. Leboeuf-Yde, DC, and L. R. Rasmussen, DC. “Safety in Chiropractic Practice. Part II: Treatment to the Upper Neck and the Rate of Cerebrovascular Incidents.” J Manipulative Physiol Ther 19.9 (1996): 563-69. Print.

  • Dabbs, V., DC, and W. J. Lauretti, DC. “A Risk Assessment of Cervical Manipulation vs. NSAIDs for the Treatment of Neck Pain.” J Manipulative Physiol Ther 18.8 (1995): 530-36. Print.

  • Pistolese RA: “Risk assessment of neurological and/or vertebrobasilar complications in the pediatric chiropractic patient.” Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research 1996;2(2):77.

Pregnancy and the Webster Technique

  • Ohm, Jeanne, DC, and Joel Alcantara, DC. “The Webster Technique: Definition, Application and Implications.” J. Pediatric, Maternal & Family Health May.10 (2012): 49-53. Print.

  • Sadr, Shabnam, Neda Pourkiani-Allah-Abad, and Kent Stuber. “The Treatment Experience of Patients with Low Back Pain during Pregnancy and Their Chiropractors: A Qualitative Study.” Chiropractic & Manual Therapies 20.1 (2012): 32. Print.

Thermography

  • Uematsu S, Edwin DH, Jankel ER, et al: “Quantification of thermal asymmetry.” J Neurosurg 1988;69:552.

  • Miller JL: “Skin temperature differential analysis.” International Review of Chiropractic (Science) 1964;1(1):41.

  • Kent C, Gentempo P: “Instrumentation and imaging in chiropractic: a centennial retrospective.” Today’s Chiropractic 1995;24(1):32.

Heart Rate Variability

  • Van Ravenswaaij-Arts CM, Kollee LA, Hopman JC, Stoelinga GB: “Heart rate variability.” Ann Intern Med 1993;118(6):436.

  • DeDenedittis G, Cigada M, Bianchi A, et al: “Autonomic changes during hypnosis: a heart rate variability power spectrum analysis as a marker of sympatho-vagal balance.” Int J Clin Exp Hypn 1994;42(2):140.

  • Kautzner J, Camm AJ: “Clinical relevance of heart rate variability.” Clin Cardiol 1997;20(2):162.

  • Murata K, Landrigan PJ, Araki S: “Effects of age, gender, heart rate, tobacco and alcohol ingestion on R-R interval variability in human ECG.” J Autonomic Nervous System 1992;37:199.

  • Nakamura Y, Yamamoto Y, Muraoka I: “Autonomic control of heart rate during physical exercise and fractal dimension of heart rate variability.” J Appl Physiol 1993;74(2):875.

  • Petretta M, Bonaduce D, Scalfi L, et al: “Heart rate variability as a measure of autonomic nervous system function in anorexia nervosa.” Clin Cardiol 1997;20(3):219.

  • “Abnormal heart rate variability as a manifestation of autonomic dysfunction in hemispheric brain infarction.” Stroke 1996;27(11):2059.

  • Kamalesh M, Burger AJ, Kumar S, Nesto R: “Reproducibility of time and frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability in patients with chronic stable angina.” Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1995;18(11):1991.

  • Yeragani VK, Pohl R, Berger R, et al: “Decreased heart rate variability in panic disorder patients: a study of power-spectral analysis of heart rate.” Psychiatry Res 1993;46(1):89.

  • O’Brien IA, O’Hare P, Corrall RJ: “Heart rate variability in healthy subjects: effect of age and the derivation of normal ranges for tests of autonomic function.” Br Heart J 1986;55(4):348.

  • Toyry J, Mantysaari M, Hartikainen J, Lansimies E: “Day-to-day variability of cardiac autonomic regulation parameters in normal subjects.” Clin Physiol 1995;15(1):39.

  • Sato N, Miyake S, Akatsu J, Kumashiro M: “Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability in healthy young women during the normal menstrual cycle.” Psychosom Med 1995;57(4):331.

  • Gallagher D, Terenzi T, de Meersman R: “Heart rate variability in smokers, sedentary, and aerobically fit individuals.” Clin Auton Res 1992;2(6):383.

  • Dixon EM, Kamath MV, McCartney N, Fallen EL: “Neural regulation of heart rate variability in endurance athletes and sedentary controls.” Cardiovasc Res 1992;26(7):713.

  • Kristal-Boneh E, Raifel M, Froom P, Ribak J: “Heart rate variability in health and disease.” Scand J Work Environ Health 1995;21(2):85.

  • Kent C: “A three-dimensional model of vertebral subluxation.” The Chiropractic Journal 1998;12(9):38,50.

Electromyography

  • Haas M, Panzer DM: “Palpatory diagnosis of subluxation.” In: Gatterman M (ed): “Foundations of Chiropractic Subluxation.” St. Louis, MO, Mosby, 1995.

  • Spector B: “Surface electromyography as a model for the development of standardized procedures and reliability testing.” JMPT 1979;2(4):214.

  • Komi P, Buskirk E: “Reproducibility of electromyographic measurements with inserted wire electrodes and surface electrodes.” Electromyography 1970;10:357.

  • Giroux B, Lamontagne M: “Comparisons between surface electrodes and intramuscular wire electrodes in isometric and dynamic conditions.” Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1990;30:397.

  • Andersson G, Jonsson B, Ortengren R: “Myoelectric activity in individual lumbar erector spinae muscles in sitting. A study with surface and wire electrodes.” Scand J Rehab Med 1974 Suppl;3:91.

  • Thompson J, Erickson R, Offord K: “EMG muscle scanning: stability of hand-held electrodes.” Biofeedback Self Regul 1989;14(1):55.

  • Cram JR, Lloyd J, Cahn TS: “The reliability of EMG muscle scanning.” Int J Psychosomatics 1994;41:41.

  • Lofland KR, Mumby PB, Cassisi JE, et al: “Assessment of lumbar EMG during static and dynamic activity in pain-free normals: implications for muscle scanning protocols.” Biofeedback and Self-Regulation 1995;20(1):3.

  • Kelly S, Boone WR: “The clinical application of surface electromyography as an objective measure of change in the chiropractic assessment of patient progress: a pilot study.” Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research 1998;2(4):175.

Functional MRI & Spinal Integrity

  • LeBihan D, Jezzard P, Haxby J, et al: “Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.” Ann Intern Med 1995;122:296.

  • LeBihan D, Turner R, Zeffiro TA, et al: “Activation of human primary visual cortex during visual recall: a magnetic resonance imaging study.” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:11802.

  • Hinke RM, Hu S, Stillman AE, et al: “Functional magnetic resonance imaging of Broca’s area during internal speech.” Neuroreport 1993;4:675.

  • Rueckert L. Appollonio I, Grafman J, et al: “Magnetic resonance imaging functional activation of left frontal cortex during covert word production.” J Neuroimaging 1994;4:67.

  • Rao SM, Binder JR, Bandettini PA, et al: “Functional magnetic resonance imaging of complex human movements.” Neurology 1993;43:2311.

  • Belliveau JW, Kennedy DN Jr, McKinstry RC, et al: “Functional mapping of the human visual cortex by magnetic resonance imaging.” Science 1991;254:716.

  • Stephens D, Gorman RF: “The association between visual incompetence and spinal derangement: an instructive case history.” J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1997;20:343.

  • Terrett AGJ: “The cerebral dysfunction theory.” In: Gatterman MI (ed): “Foundations of Chiropractic: Subluxation.” Mosby-Year Book, Inc. St. Louis, MO. 1995. P. 340.

  • Gorman RF: “The treatment of presumptive optic nerve ischemia by manipulation.” J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1995;18:172.

  • Gorman RF: “Monocular vision loss after closed head trauma: immediate resolution associated with spinal manipulation.” J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1993;16:138.

  • Giesen J, Center D, Leach R: “An evaluation of chiropractic manipulation as a treatment of hyperactivity in children.” J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1989;12:353.

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